What class of drugs is known to slow the central nervous system?

The class of drugs known to slow the central nervous system is depressants. These substances work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), leading to a calming effect on brain activity. As a result, depressants can decrease heart rate, lower blood pressure, and lead to a sense of relaxation or sedation. Common examples include alcohol, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates.

Understanding the role of depressants is important in health contexts, particularly when considering the potential for addiction, overdose, and interactions with other medications. In contrast, stimulants, hallucinogens, and narcotics have different effects on the central nervous system. Stimulants increase alertness and energy, hallucinogens alter perception and may lead to visual or auditory hallucinations, while narcotics primarily relieve pain and can also depress the central nervous system but are typically classified separately due to their specific medical uses and opioid characteristics.