What hormone is released by the hypothalamus during the initial stage of the stress response?

The hormone released by the hypothalamus during the initial stage of the stress response is cortisol. During stress, the hypothalamus responds by releasing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which triggers the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This, in turn, stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, a critical stress hormone.

Cortisol plays a significant role in the body's survival response to stress. It helps mobilize energy reserves, increases blood sugar levels, and supports various bodily functions that assist in coping with stress or emergencies. This response is part of the body's fight-or-flight mechanism, which prepares an individual for immediate action.

Other hormones mentioned relate to different functions, such as growth or digestion, which are not primarily involved in the acute stress response. Hence, they do not align with the physiological changes that occur when the body first encounters stress.