What is a substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence called?

A substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence is referred to as an addictive drug. These substances have the potential to lead to dependency because they can alter brain chemistry and impact the reward system, often resulting in cravings and withdrawal symptoms when not used. Addictive drugs can include a wide range of substances, including illicit drugs, alcohol, and even some prescription medications.

Recreational drugs, while they may be addictive, are not exclusively defined by their capacity to cause dependence. They are primarily used for enjoyment or recreational purposes, which does not inherently define their potential for addiction. Prescription drugs are medications that are authorized by a healthcare provider and can also lead to dependence, but the term does not specifically denote addiction. Stimulants are a class of drugs that increase activity in the brain but, like recreational drugs, do not specifically address the aspect of dependence on their own. Therefore, the term addictive drug most directly and accurately encompasses substances that lead to physiological or psychological dependence.