Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?

The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal glands and is responsible for the secretion of catecholamines, primarily epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones play a crucial role in the body's "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for stressful situations by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supplies.

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is essential for quickly mobilizing the body’s resources during emergencies. Norepinephrine, or noradrenaline, complements the effects of epinephrine by increasing alertness and arousal. This dual secretion is crucial for the immediate physiological responses associated with stress, such as heightened awareness and increased blood flow to essential muscles.

Other hormone options presented in the question, such as cortisol and aldosterone, are secreted by the adrenal cortex, not the medulla, while insulin and glucagon are pancreatic hormones, and estrogen and progesterone are primarily secreted by the ovaries. Thus, understanding the specific functions of the adrenal medulla clarifies why epinephrine and norepinephrine are accurately identified as the hormones secreted by this part of the adrenal gland.